Initially isolated as a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

Cerulenin was originally proposed as antifungal antibiotic. Cerulenin is used as a biochemical tool. Cerulenin has been shown to cause dramatic weight loss in animals. Cerulenin blocks synthesis of fatty acids and sterols by binding to the enzyme fatty-acid-synthase. In some tumor lines, this triggers apoptosis., an effect believed to be mediated by the accumulation of malonyl-coenzyme A in cells with an upregulated FAS pathway.

Inhibitor of protein translocation from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus.
Inhibitor of intracellular protein transport and protein secretionA macrolide isolated from Penicillium brefeldianum. It affects the vesticular transport of the Golgi apparatus and induces DNA fragmentation which leads to apoptosis.

Borrelidin, a potent antifungal agent

Beauvericin is active against Gram+ bacteria, mycobacteria, insects, brine shrimp. Beauvericin shows cytotoxic, Immunosuppressant, and apoptotic activity. Beauvericin is the most potent specific inhibitor of cholesterol acyltransferase and possesses ionophoric properties. Beauvericin increases ion permeability in biological membranes by forming a complex with essential cations (Ca2+, Na+, K+), which may affect the ionic homeostasis.

Bafilomycin A1 is a specific inhibitor of vacuolar type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) in animal cells, plant cells and microorganisms. Bafilomycin A1 is useful in distinguishing among different types of ATPases. Bafilomycin A1 can prevent the re-acidification of synaptic vesicles once they have undergone exocytosis. Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antineoplastic, Immunosuppressive Bafilomycin A1 has been shown to decrease multi-drug resistance.

Bafilomycin A1, inhibits vacuolar-​ATPase.
It is a potassium ionophore that impairs mitochondrial functions.
It activates respiration of neuronal cells via uncoupling associated with flickering depolarization of mitochondria.
Bafilomycin A1 has been commonly used as a method of inhibition of infection by viruses known or suspected to follow the path of receptor-​mediated endocytosis and low-​pH-​mediated membrane fusion
Vacuolar ATPase inhibitors overcome Bcl-​xL-​mediated chemoresistance through restoration of a caspase-​independent apoptotic pathway.

RNA polymerase inhibitor Angiogenesis inhibitor Inhibitor of tumour-cell induced angiogenesis in vivo. Antineoplastic properties. Antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Cyclic peptide antibiotic with broad spectrum antiparasitic and antiprotozoan activity. An histone deacetylase inhibitor, Anti-angiogenic; Apoptosis inductor.

Aphidicolin inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.Aphidicolin is a tool in cell proliferation and differentiation research. Aphidicolin may possibly be used for controlling excessive cell proliferation in cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.

Originally discovered by Sobin and Tanner in 1954, Anisomycin was identified as an antibiotic active against protozoa such as Trichomonas and fungi and yeasts, and was considered as a potential human anti-candidal and anti-amoebic drug. Sobin, B. A., and F. W. Tanner, Jr. 1954. Anisomycin, a new antiprotozoa antibiotic. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76:4053. As such, Anisomycin was put by GONZALEZ CONSTANDSE to clinical trials in 1955: Anisomycin in intestinal amebiasis; study of 30 clinical casesPrensa Med Mex. 1956 Sep-Dec;21(7-10):114-5 Anisomycin is also proposed as a potential psychiatric drug, as it is shown to affect protein synthesis an Amygdala, a brain part involved in memory(1). The earliest usage of Anisomycin in research on memory biochemistry was made by Jonec and Walsterlain in 1979 . Again, this property of Anisomycin is ascribed to its ability to inhibit protein synthesis. Effect of inhibitors of protein synthesis on the development of kindled seizures in rats.Jonec V, Walsterlain CG.Exp Neurol. 1979 Dec;66(3):524-32 Recently, publications appear showing the immunomodulating properties on Anisomycin. This discovery leads to researches on the potential use of Anisomycin in transplantation: Anisomycin inhibits the behaviors of T cells and the allogeneic skin transplantation in mice.Xing F et al,J Immunother. 2008 Nov-Dec;31(9):858-70 In the field of cell-signaling research, Anisomycin is used as an activator of kinase cascades in mammalian cells, especially the stress-activated Protein Kinase (SAPK2/p38MAPK) and p46/54JNK Anisomycin is a selective ingredientof Martin Lewis Agar, a bacteriological solid medium used for isolation of pathogenic Neisseria species. Martin, J. E., Jr., and J. S. Lewis. 1977. Anisomycin: improved antimycotic activity in modified Thayer-Martin medium. Public Health Lab. 35:53-62