Mycotoxins are defined as naturally occurring substances produced by filamentous fungi (moulds) that arouse toxic response when introduced in low amounts to animals through a natural pathway. These fungi are referred to as “toxigenic” fungi. They grow naturally as a form of contaminants on some food crops, majorly cereals, nuts and fruit. Conventionally, toxigenic fungi which contaminate crops have been classified into two groups: “field” and “storage” fungi. Field fungi (such as Cladosporium, Fusarium and Alternaria spp.) get to plants during the developmental stage of the plant; while storage fungi (e.g., Aspergillus and Penicillium spp.) proliferate during the storage period.

Mycotoxins, which are low weight secondary metabolites, produce harmful substances called Mycotoxicoses in animals which invariably impact public health. The toxicity effects of Mycotoxins could be acute or chronic, or both. The most toxic of these, is Aflatoxins. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 are a critical concern. A low-level exposure to Aflatoxin for a long term has been associated with different liver diseases such as cancer, jaundice, cirrhosis and hepatis. Also, they are genotoxic (DNA-damaging) carcinogenic and immunosuppressants. Ochratoxin A is another type of mycotoxin that is teratogenic (reproductive), immunosuppressant, and had been proved to have connection with kidney diseases. Other toxigenic fungi are associated with protein synthesis inhibition, genotoxic, and immune dysfunction.

Fermentek is a global leader in the production of high-standard reference material for Mycotoxins for food safety analysis and research. The company offers more than 60 types of Mycotoxins manufactured from various different microorganisms, divided into nine known Mycotoxin families. These products are formulated into a powdered form or standard solutions with high purity characterized by their melting points, TLC & HPLC. 

mycotoxins

Neosolaniol

Neosolaniol
Molecular Formula
C19H26O8
M.W.
382.40
CAS number
36519-25-2
MSDS
Source
Fusarium Sporotrichoides
Fermentek product Code
NEO-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
white to light yellow powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
175°C-185°C
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml Methanol or DMSO
Names and identifiers

Synonyms:

  • Neosolaniol
  • Solaniol
  • 8-Hydroxydiacetoxyscirpenol
  • Trichothec-9-ene-3-alpha,4-beta,8-alpha,15-tetrol, 12,13-epoxy-, 4,15-diacetate

RTECS: YD0080000

EU number
621-390-4
Description

Type A trichothecene mycotoxin

InChl Key
TVZHDVCTOCZDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC2C(CC1O)(C3(C(C(C(C34CO4)O2)O)OC(=O)C)C)COC(=O)C
Solubility ( literature )

Soluble in moderately polar solvents, such as chloroform, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and acetone

Compound Classification

trichothecene mycotoxin

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

All trichocenes have strong impact on the health due to their immunosuppressive properties

Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
PG
Value
2
Fermentek Product Category
Signal to sort
N

Myriocin

Myriocin
Molecular Formula
C21H39NO6
M.W.
401.54
CAS number
35891-70-4
MSDS
Source
Mycelia sterilia (fungus)
Fermentek product Code
MYR-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to Off-White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥95% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
164°C-184°C
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 2mg/ml of Methanol (slight heating),
Clear colorless solution at 5mg/ml of DMSO (slight heating)
Names and identifiers
  • Myriocin
  • Thermozymocidin,
  • ISP-I
  • (2S,3R,4R,6E)-2-Amino-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-14-oxo-6-eicosenoic acid
EU number
636-862-5
Description

Fungal antibiotic, atypic amino acid, immunomodulator, serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor, apoptosis inducer.

InChl Key
ZZIKIHCNFWXKDY-GNTQXERDSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CCCCCCC(=O)CCCCCCC=CCC(C(C(CO)(C(=O)O)N)O)O
Isomeric SMILES
CCCCCCC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C/C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@](CO)(C(=O)O)N)O)O
Solubility ( literature )

Myriocin is slightly soluble in DMSO, alcohols.Myriocin is insoluble in water and in most organic solvents.

Compound Classification
  • amino-acid antibiotic
  • immunosupressor
  • serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Protect from moisture
Protect from light !
Open carefully.
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

Myriocin, a potent inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase,a (the 1st step in sphingosine biosynthesis), is used in biochemical research as a tool for depleting cells of sphingolipids. Myriocin is a potent immunosuppressor, reportedly 10 to 100 times stronger than cyclosporin.

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Shipped at ambient temperature
Transport safety: class 6.1 PG III
Available since
Title
Toxicity oral mouse LD50
Value
300 miligram/kg
Signal to sort
M

Moniliformin

Moniliformin (as Sodium salt)
Molecular Formula
C4HO3Na
M.W.
120.04
CAS number
71376-34-6
Source
Fusarium moniliforme
Fermentek product Code
MOF-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
Yellow crystalline solid
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear yellowish solution at 10 mg/ml of DMSO or Methanol
Names and identifiers

Synonyms

1-Hydroxycyclobut-1-ene-3,4-dione Sodium salt

RTECS: GU1815000

EU number
71376-34-6
Description

Mycotoxin formed in many cereals by a number of Fusarium species that include F.moniliforme, F. avenaceum. F. subglutinans, F. proliferatum . Moniliformin is supplied as sodium salt of 1-hydroxycyclobut-1-ene-3,4-dione.

InChl Key
FERDNJVXTWPNSA-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Canonical SMILES
C1=C(C(=O)C1=O)[O-].[Na+]
Solubility ( literature )

Moniliformin is soluble in water and polar solvents, such as methanol.

Compound Classification

cyclobutane mycotoxin

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Retest time
3 Years
Disclaimer
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions.
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Fermentek Product Category
Signal to sort
M

HT2 toxin

Molecular Formula
C22H32O8
M.W.
424.48
CAS number
26934-87-2
MSDS
Source
Semisynthetic
Fermentek product Code
HT2-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 5mg/ml Dichloromethane
Names and identifiers

Systemic name: Trichothec-9-ene-3alpha,4beta,8alpha,15-tetrol, 12,13-epoxy-, 15-acetate 8-isovalerate

RTECS: YD0050000

EU number
621-720-7
Description

HT2 Toxin is a trichothecene group mycotoxin; naturally found in spoiled foods.

InChl Key
PNKLMTPXERFKEN-CKRUGLOOSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC2C(CC1OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C3(C(C(C(C34CO4)O2)O)O)C)COC(=O)C
Isomeric SMILES
CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@](C[C@@H]1OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C3([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](C34CO4)O2)O)O)C)COC(=O)C
Solubility ( literature )

Dichloromethane, DMSO, Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate. Slightly soluble in petroleum ether; very slightly soluble in water.

Compound Classification

Trichothecene mycotoxin

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Retest time
3 Years
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Semi-Synthetic
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Transport safety: class 6.1 PG I
Available since
Title
Transport information
Value
PG I
Title
Deleted CAS Numbers
Value
61356-56-7; 116163-63-4; 145427-92-5
Signal to sort
H

Gliotoxin

Gliotoxin
Molecular Formula
C13H14N2O4S2
M.W.
326.39
CAS number
67-99-2
MSDS
Source
Gliocladium fimbriatum
Fermentek product Code
GLI-001
Appearance
White to yellow powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
200°C-206°C
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml of Methanol
Names and identifiers

Synonyms

  • Aspergillin
  • IUPAC name : (3R,6S,10aR)-6-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-2,3,6,10-tetrahydro-5aH-3,10a-epidithiopyrazino[1,2-a]indole-1,4-dione
  • IUPAC name : Gliotoxin

RTECS KB4725000

 

 

 

Description

Gliotoxin is a fungal antibiotic mycotoxin with antiphagycytic and immunomodulatory activities.

Gliotoxin is  an antibiotic that is toxic to higher animals as well as to animal and plant pathogens and that is produced by various fungi (as of the genera Gliocladium, Aspergillus, andPenicillium)

InChl Key
FIVPIPIDMRVLAY-RBJBARPLSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CN1C(=O)C23CC4=CC=CC(C4N2C(=O)C1(SS3)CO)O
Isomeric SMILES
CN1C(=O)[C@]23CC4=CC=C[C@@H]([C@H]4N2C(=O)[C@]1(SS3)CO)O
Solubility ( literature )

DMSO, Methanol, Ethanol, Ethyl acetate, Petrol-ether, Dichloromethane. Water insoluble

Compound Classification

Chemical class:

  • Indole mycotoxin

Bioactivity class:

  • Immunomodulator
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Hygroscopic substance.
Protect from moisture
Protect from light !
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

Gliotoxin blocks the thiol groups in the membranes . Gliotoxin induces apoptotsis in macrophages and thymocytes. Gliotoxin induces Ca2+ release from intact rat liver mitochondria.

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Transport information
Value
Pg III
Title
CN code
Value
29419000
Signal to sort
G

Fusarenon X

Fusarenon X
Molecular Formula
C17H22O8
M.W.
354.35
CAS number
23255-69-8
MSDS
Source
Fusarium sp.
Fermentek product Code
FUX-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
92°C-97°C
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml of Dichloromethane
Names and identifiers

Synonyms

  • Nivalenol monoacetate
  • Nivalenol-4-o-acetate
  • 12,13-epoxy-3 alpha,4 beta,7 beta,15-tetrahydroxytrichothec-9-en-8-one 4-acetate

RTECS: YD0160000

EU number
621-752-1
Description

Fusarenon X is a trichothecene mycotoxin from various Fusarium strains

InChl Key
XGCUCFKWVIWWNW-CAYGJDLQSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC2C(C(C1=O)O)(C3(C(C(C(C34CO4)O2)O)OC(=O)C)C)CO
Isomeric SMILES
CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@]([C@@H](C1=O)O)([C@]3([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@]34CO4)O2)O)OC(=O)C)C)CO
Solubility ( literature )

Dichloromethane, Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate, Ethanol, Methanol, water. Not soluble in N-Hexane, petrol ether.

Compound Classification
  • Trichothecene mycotoxin
  • immunosuppressor
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Hygroscopic substance.
Protect from moisture
Protect from light !
Open carefully.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Retest time
3 Years
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Warnings

Health-Hazard

  • Respiratory sensitization, category 1
  • Germ cell mutagenicity, categories 1A, 1B, 2
  • Carcinogenicity, categories 1A, 1B, 2
  • Reproductive toxicity, categories 1A, 1B, 2
  • Specific target organ toxicity following single exposure, categories 1, 2
  • Specific target organ toxicity following repeated exposure, categories 1, 2
  • Aspiration hazard, categories 1, 2
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Title
Transport information
Value
PG I
Title
Deleted CAS numbers
Value
23255-72-3; 26153-10-6; 27552-17-6; 28392-39-4; 32204-36-7; 115889-63-9
Title
stability froz
Value
3 y 100% fx004
Signal to sort
F

Fumonisin B2

Fumonisin B2
Molecular Formula
C34H59NO14
M.W.
705.80
CAS number
116355-84-1
MSDS
Source
Fusarium moniliforme
Fermentek product Code
FB2-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to Off-White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution 5 mg/ml Methanol
Names and identifiers

RTECS: TZ8335000

IUPAC name: (2R,2'R)-2,2'-{[(5R,6S,7S,9S,16R,18S,19S)-19-amino-16,18-dihydroxy-5,9-dimethylicosane-6,7-diyl]bis[oxy(2-oxoethane-2,1-diyl)]}disuccinic acid

EU number
601-424-4
Description

Structural analog of Fumonisin B1. Fumonisin B2 is more cytotoxic than Fumonisin B1.

Fumonisin B2 inhibits sphingosine acyl-transterase.

Canonical SMILES
CCCCC(C)C(C(CC(C)CCCCCCC(CC(C(C)N)O)O)OC(=O)CC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)OC(=O)CC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O
Isomeric SMILES
CCCC[C@@H](C)[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](C)CCCCCC[C@H](C[C@@H]([C@H](C)N)O)O)OC(=O)C[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)OC(=O)C[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O
Solubility ( literature )

Methanol

Compound Classification
  • Isoflavonoid
  • Phytoestrogen.
  • Sphingosine acyl-transterase inhibitor
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

sphingosine acyl-transterase inhibitor

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Transport information
Value
PG I
Title
REACH
Value
On REACH List of Pre-Registered Substances, March 2009 Registration Date: 31-MAY-2018.
Signal to sort
F

Fumonisin B1

Fumonisin B1
Molecular Formula
C34H59NO15
M.W.
721.80
CAS number
116355-83-0
MSDS
Source
Fusarium moniliforme
Fermentek product Code
FB1-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to slight yellow powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 5 mg/ml Methanol
Names and identifiers

 

Synonyms:              

Macrofusine

Systematic name:  1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 1,1'-(1-(12-amino-4,9,11-trihydroxy-2-methyltridecyl)-2-(1-methylpentyl)-1,2-ethanediyl) ester

RTECS : TZ8350000

EU number
621-436-3
Description

A carcinogenic mycotoxin.

An inhibitor of sphingosine biosynthesis

InChl Key
UVBUBMSSQKOIBE-ZWKVXHQASA-N
Canonical SMILES
CCCCC(C)C(C(CC(C)CC(CCCCC(CC(C(C)N)O)O)O)OC(=O)CC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)OC(=O)CC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O
Isomeric SMILES
CCCC[C@H](C)[C@H]([C@@H](C[C@H](C)C[C@H](CCCC[C@H](C[C@@H]([C@H](C)N)O)O)O)OC(=O)C[C@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)OC(=O)C[C@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O
Solubility ( literature )

Slightly soluble in water. Soluble in Acetonitril. Insoluble in Chloroform, Petrol Ether, Hexane.

Compound Classification

Chemical classification

  • Isoflavonoid
  • Phytoestrogen

Biological activities

  • Sphingosine acyl-transterase inhibitor
  • Ceramide-synthase inhibitor
  • Teratogen
  • Carcinogen
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Retest time
3 Years
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Title
Transport information
Value
Not hazardous for transport
Title
TSE
Value
P
Signal to sort
F

Fumagillin

Fumagillin
Molecular Formula
C26H34O7
M.W.
458.54
CAS number
23110-15-8
MSDS
Source
Aspergillus fumigatus
Fermentek product Code
FUG-001
Appearance
Off-white to slight yellow powder
Purity by HPLC
≥95% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
190°C-202°C
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 30mg/ml DMSO,
Clear colorless solution at 1mg/ml Ethanol
Names and identifiers

Synonyms:

  • Fumidil B,
  • Amebacilin,

IUPAC Name   (2E,4E,6E,8E)-10-({(3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-Methoxy-4-[(2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-2-oxiranyl]-1-oxaspiro[2.5]oct-6-yl}oxy)-10-oxo-2,4,6,8-decatetraenoic acid 

RTECS :             HE1750000

EU number
245-433-8
Description

Antiamoebic. Inhibitor of angiogenesis.

Reproduction effector

InChl Key
NGGMYCMLYOUNGM-CSDLUJIJSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC(=CCC1C(O1)(C)C2C(C(CCC23CO3)OC(=O)C=CC=CC=CC=CC(=O)O)OC)C
Isomeric SMILES
CC(=CC[C@@H]1[C@@](O1)(C)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](CC[C@]23CO3)OC(=O)/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C(=O)O)OC)C
Solubility ( literature )

DMSO, Methanol. alkaline aqueous solutions

Compound Classification

Chemical classification:

Fatty acid antibiotic.

Classification by bio-activity

Antiprotozoal

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Protect from moisture
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Store under argon.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Retest time
2 Years
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Semi-Synthetic
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Transport safety: Not Dangerous Goods; Not Regulated
Available since
Title
Transport information
Value
Not hazardous for transport
Signal to sort
F

Dihydrocytochalasin B

Dihydrocytochalasin B
Molecular Formula
C29H39NO5
M.W.
481.60
CAS number
39156-67-7
MSDS
Source
Semisynthetic
Fermentek product Code
DHB-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥95% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
195°C-205°C
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml Methanol
Names and identifiers

Synonyms:  

  • 21,22-Dihydrochalasin B
  • 21,22-Dihydrocytochalasin B
  • 21,22-Dihydrophomin

 

Systematic Name: 7(S),20(R)-Dihydroxy-16(R)-methyl-10-phenyl-24-oxa(14)cytochalasa-6(12),13(E)-diene-1,23-dione

EU number
254-324-4
Description

Dihydrocytochalasin B is chemically derived from Cytochalasin B  obtained natural from Drechslera dematoidea fungus.

InChl Key
WIULKAASLBZREV-RXPQEOCGSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1CCCC(CCC(=O)OC23C(C=CC1)C(C(=C)C(C2C(NC3=O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)O)O
Isomeric SMILES
C[C@@H]1CCC[C@H](CCC(=O)O[C@]23[C@@H](/C=C/C1)[C@@H](C(=C)[C@H]([C@H]2[C@@H](NC3=O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)O)O
Solubility ( literature )

Acetone, DMSO, 100% Ethanol, Methanol

Compound Classification
  • Macrolide indol mycotoxin
  • Cytochalasin
  • Actin inhibitor
Storage, handling
Deep frozen (-15 oC to - 20 oC)
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

Cytochalasins are used as tools in cytological research, and in in the field of actin polymerisation.

Cytokinesis inhibitor. Inducer of changes in cell morphology and motility. It disrupts actin structure and inhibits ability of serum growth factors to stimulate DNA synthesis in vitro. Does not inhibit sugar uptake. Active calcium transport inhibitor. Active in vivo.

 

Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
sig
Value
250225
Title
TSE
Value
S
Title
Transport information
Value
Pg III
Title
EU
Value
254-324-4; On REACH List of Pre-Registered Substances, March 2009 Registration Date: 31-MAY-2013
Title
CAS deleted numbers
Value
74409-92-0 ;
Title
Other sites info
Value
Most sites give wrong RTECS number RO0205000 belonging to Phomin
Signal to sort
D