Mycotoxins are defined as naturally occurring substances produced by filamentous fungi (moulds) that arouse toxic response when introduced in low amounts to animals through a natural pathway. These fungi are referred to as “toxigenic” fungi. They grow naturally as a form of contaminants on some food crops, majorly cereals, nuts and fruit. Conventionally, toxigenic fungi which contaminate crops have been classified into two groups: “field” and “storage” fungi. Field fungi (such as Cladosporium, Fusarium and Alternaria spp.) get to plants during the developmental stage of the plant; while storage fungi (e.g., Aspergillus and Penicillium spp.) proliferate during the storage period.

Mycotoxins, which are low weight secondary metabolites, produce harmful substances called Mycotoxicoses in animals which invariably impact public health. The toxicity effects of Mycotoxins could be acute or chronic, or both. The most toxic of these, is Aflatoxins. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 are a critical concern. A low-level exposure to Aflatoxin for a long term has been associated with different liver diseases such as cancer, jaundice, cirrhosis and hepatis. Also, they are genotoxic (DNA-damaging) carcinogenic and immunosuppressants. Ochratoxin A is another type of mycotoxin that is teratogenic (reproductive), immunosuppressant, and had been proved to have connection with kidney diseases. Other toxigenic fungi are associated with protein synthesis inhibition, genotoxic, and immune dysfunction.

Fermentek is a global leader in the production of high-standard reference material for Mycotoxins for food safety analysis and research. The company offers more than 60 types of Mycotoxins manufactured from various different microorganisms, divided into nine known Mycotoxin families. These products are formulated into a powdered form or standard solutions with high purity characterized by their melting points, TLC & HPLC. 

mycotoxins

Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)

Molecular Formula
C19H26O7
M.W.
366.41
CAS number
2270-40-8
Source
Fusarium sp
Fermentek product Code
DAS-001
Appearance
White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
160°C-165°C
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml Methanol ; Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml dichloromethane
Names and identifiers

Synonyms

  • Anguidine,
  • DAS
  • Diacetoxyscirpenol

RTECS YD0112000

 

EU number
218-873-3
Description

Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) also known as Anguidine,  is a mycotoxin belonging to 12,13-epoxytrichothecene group, produced by several Fusarium strains together with some other toxins such as T2 and HT2 toxins.

 DAS inhibits initiation of protein synthesis, causing the death of intensively replicating cells. By the virtue of this effect, DAS possesses teratogenic and anti proliferatory properties. Consequently,  DAS attracts interest as a potential cancer- drug.

 

 

InChl Key
AUGQEEXBDZWUJY-ZLJUKNTDSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC2C(CC1)(C3(C(C(C(C34CO4)O2)O)OC(=O)C)C)COC(=O)C
Isomeric SMILES
CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@](CC1)([C@]3([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@]34CO4)O2)O)OC(=O)C)C)COC(=O)C
Solubility ( literature )

Soluble in moderately polar solvents, such as chloroform, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and acetone

Compound Classification
  • trichothecene mycotoxin
  • Apoptosis inducer
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

Diacetoxyscirpenol (Anguidine) and its derivates possess anticancer properties. Diacetoxyscirpenol (Anguidine) inhibits initiation of protein synthesis, resulting in the death of rapidly proliferating cells. Diacetoxyscirpenol (Anguidine) also has been shown to both potentiate and protect against the cytotoxic effects of other drugs. There were 14 clinical trials reported, all in the area of colorectal tumors and leukemia. No records found after 1985. Apoptosis inducement.

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Semi-Synthetic
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Deleted CAS Numbers
Value
11011-10-2 ; 22135-66-6 ; 25662-95-7 ; 28776-47-8 ; 109547-11-7 ; 145427-91-4 ; 852223-87-1 ;
Title
Transport information
Value
Pg II
Signal to sort
D

15-acetyl Deoxynivalenol

15-acetyl Deoxynivalenol
Molecular Formula
C17H22O7
M.W.
338.35
CAS number
88337-96-6
Source
Semisynthetic
Fermentek product Code
15D-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
130°C-140°C
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml Methanol or Ethyl acetate
Names and identifiers

Synonyms:

  • 15-acetyl don;
  • 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol;
  • 15-O-Acetyl-4-deoxynivalenol;

RTECS:  YD0155000

 

EU number
621-572-3
Description

Natural, Type B trichothecene mycotoxin

InChl Key
IDGRYIRJIFKTAN-HTJQZXIKSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC2C(C(C1=O)O)(C3(CC(C(C34CO4)O2)O)C)COC(=O)C
Isomeric SMILES
CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@]([C@@H](C1=O)O)([C@]3(C[C@H]([C@H]([C@@]34CO4)O2)O)C)COC(=O)C
Solubility ( literature )

15-acetyl Deoxynivalenol is soluble in common polar organic solvents as acetonitrile, methanol and ethyl acetate, only slightly soluble in water. Trichothecenes with acetoxy-groups are unstable in methanol, even when stored in a freezer [H. Pettersson, EU-Commission Progress Report SMT4-CT96-2047, 1-24, (1998), "Intercomparison of trichothecene analysis and feasibility to produce certified calibrants and reference material"] Acetonitrile is recommended as solvent for 15-acetyl Deoxynivalenol as it has no significant UV absorbance below 220 nm.

Compound Classification

Trichothecene mycotoxin

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Retest time
3 Years
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Transport information
Value
Pg II
Title
RTECS
Value
YD0155000
Signal to sort
D

3-acetyl Deoxynivalenol

3-acetyl Deoxynivalenol
Molecular Formula
C17H22O7
M.W.
338.35
CAS number
50722-38-8
Source
Fusarium graminearum
Fermentek product Code
3AD-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
184°C-189°C
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml Methanol or Ethyl acetate
Names and identifiers

 

  • 3ADON
  • 3α-Acetylvomitoxin
  • 3-Acetyl DON
  • 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol
  • Dehydronivalenol monoacetate
  • Deoxynivalenol monoacetate

RTECS: YD0167000

EU number
621-771-5
Description

Natural Type B trichothecene mycotoxin

InChl Key
ADFIQZBYNGPCGY-HTJQZXIKSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC2C(C(C1=O)O)(C3(CC(C(C34CO4)O2)OC(=O)C)C)CO
Isomeric SMILES
CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@]([C@@H](C1=O)O)([C@]3(C[C@H]([C@H]([C@@]34CO4)O2)OC(=O)C)C)CO
Solubility ( literature )

3-acetyl Deoxynivalenol is soluble in common polar organic solvents as acetonitrile, methanol and ethyl acetate, only slightly soluble in water.

Compound Classification

Trichothecene mycotoxin

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Open carefully.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Retest time
3 Years
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Semi-Synthetic
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Deleted CAS Numbers:
Value
115825-62-2; 233593-19-6
Title
Transport information
Value
Pg II
Signal to sort
D

Deoxynivalenol

Deoxynivalenol (DON)
Molecular Formula
C15H20O6
M.W.
296.30
CAS number
51481-10-8
MSDS
Source
Semisynthetic
Fermentek product Code
DON-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White crystalline solid.
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
150°C-155°C
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml Methanol or Ethyl acetate

Names and identifiers
  • Rd toxin
  • Vomitoxin
  • Deoxynivalenol
  • 4-Deoxynivalenol
  • Dehydronivalenol
  • 4-Desoxynivalenol

RTECS YD0167000

EU number
610-668-0
Description

Deoxynivalenol (DON , Vomitoxin) is a type B trichothecene. It occurs in grains such as wheat, barley, oats, rye, and maize, rice, sorghum. Deoxynivalenol (DON ) is produced by numerous strains of Fusarium and some other fungi. Deoxynivalenol (DON ) poisonings occur both in humans and farm animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON ) is highly toxic, producing a wide range of immunological disturbances and is particularly noted for inducing feed refusal and emesis in pigs, hence the alternative name vomitoxin Deoxynivalenol (DON ) usually co-occurs with other Fusarium toxins, such as Zearalenone, Nivalenol and its derivates, as well as the group of fumonisins.

InChl Key
LINOMUASTDIRTM-QGRHZQQGSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC2C(C(C1=O)O)(C3(CC(C(C34CO4)O2)O)C)CO
Isomeric SMILES
CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@]([C@@H](C1=O)O)([C@]3(C[C@H]([C@H]([C@@]34CO4)O2)O)C)CO
Solubility ( literature )

Deoxynivalenol (DON ) is soluble in common polar organic solvents as acetonitrile, methanol and ethyl acetate, slightly soluble in water.

Compound Classification

trichothecene type B mycotoxin

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Protect from moisture
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

The main toxic effect of Deoxynivalenol (DON ) is inhibition of protein synthesis via binding to the ribosome.In agricultural R&D, DON is widely used to select crops strains with increased resistance against Fusarium.

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Semi-Synthetic
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Deleted CAS Numbers
Value
50722-37-7 ; 115825-61-1 ; 1394244-12-2
Signal to sort
D

Cytochalasin E

Cytochalasin E
Molecular Formula
C28H33NO7
M.W.
495.56
CAS number
36011-19-5
MSDS
Source
Aspergillus clavatus
Fermentek product Code
CYE-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
205°C-220°C
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 50mg/ml DMSO
Names and identifiers

 

HSDB 3548

RTECS HA5360000

 

EU number
252-835-7
Description

Inhibitor of actin polymerization in blood platelets. It does not inhibit glucose transport.

InChl Key
LAJXCUNOQSHRJO-ZYGJITOWSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1CC=CC2C3C(O3)(C(C4C2(C(=O)NC4CC5=CC=CC=C5)OC(=O)OC=CC(C1=O)(C)O)C)C
Isomeric SMILES
C[C@H]1C/C=C/[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@](O3)([C@H]([C@@H]4[C@]2(C(=O)N[C@H]4CC5=CC=CC=C5)OC(=O)O/C=C/[C@@](C1=O)(C)O)C)C
Solubility ( literature )

DMSO, ethyl acetate, ethanol, dichloromethane

Compound Classification

Macrolide indol mycotoxin

Cytochalasin

Actin polymerization inhibitor

Antiangiogenic

 

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Retest time
3 Years
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
since
Value
1999
Signal to sort
C

Cytochalasin D

Cytochalasin D
Molecular Formula
C30H37NO6
M.W.
507.62
CAS number
22144-77-0
MSDS
Source
Zygosporium mansonii
Fermentek product Code
CYD-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥97% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
230°C-245°C
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 25mg/ml DMSO, Clear colorless solution at 5mg/ml Ethanol
Names and identifiers

Synonyms: Zygosporin A

Chemical Name: (7S,13E,16S,18R,19E,21R)-21-(Acetyloxy)- 7,18-dihydroxy-16,18-dimethyl-10-phenyl[11]cytochalasa-6(12),13,19-triene-1,17-dione

EU number
244-804-1
Description

Cytochalasin D is a cell permeable mycotoxin, which causes both the association and dissociation of actin subunits. Cytochalasin D disrupts actin filaments and inhibits actin polymerization.

InChl Key
SDZRWUKZFQQKKV-JHADDHBZSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1CC=CC2C(C(=C)C(C3C2(C(C=CC(C1=O)(C)O)OC(=O)C)C(=O)NC3CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)O
Isomeric SMILES
C[C@H]1C/C=C/[C@H]2[C@@H](C(=C)[C@H]([C@@H]3[C@@]2([C@@H](/C=C/[C@@](C1=O)(C)O)OC(=O)C)C(=O)N[C@H]3CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)O
Solubility ( literature )

DMSO, Ethanol, Methanol

Compound Classification
  • Macrolide indol mycotoxin
  • Cytochalasin
  • Actin inhibitor
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Protect from moisture
Open carefully.
Use the original container to store the product.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Store under argon.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

Cytochalasins are used as tools in cytological research, and in the field of actin polymerization. Cytochalasin D is 10 times more effective than cytochalasin B and does not inhibit glucose transport across cell membranes.

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Deleted CAS Numbers
Value
11032-97-6 ; 25852-72-6 ; 28455-04-1 ; 69401-32-7
Title
TSE
Value
V
Title
sig
Value
250255
Signal to sort
C

Cytochalasin C

Cytochalasin C
Molecular Formula
C30H37NO6
M.W.
507.62
CAS number
22144-76-9
MSDS
Source
Metarhizium anisopliae
Fermentek product Code
CYC-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
265°C-280°C
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 5mg/ml Dichloromethane
Names and identifiers

RTECS: HA5300500

EU number
244-803-6
Description

A fungal metabolite that acts as a potent inhibitor of actin filament and contractile microfilaments.

InChl Key
NAIODHJWOHMDJX-BBXOWAOSSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1CC=CC2C(C(=C(C3C2(C(C=CC(C1=O)(C)O)OC(=O)C)C(=O)NC3CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)C)O
Isomeric SMILES
CC1C/C=C/C2C(C(=C(C3C2(C(/C=C/C(C1=O)(C)O)OC(=O)C)C(=O)NC3CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)C)O
Solubility ( literature )

Dichloromethane , Ethyl acetate

Compound Classification

Macrolide indol mycotoxinCytochalasinActin inhibitor

Storage, handling
-20°C. Protect from light.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

Cytochalasins are used as tools in cytological research, and in the field of actin polymerisation

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since

Cytochalasin B

Cytochalasin B
Molecular Formula
C29H37NO5
M.W.
479.61
CAS number
14930-96-2
MSDS
Source
Drechslera dematoidea
Fermentek product Code
CYB-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to off-white powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
215°C-226°C
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 20 mg/ml Methanol or DMSO
Names and identifiers

Synonyms: Phomin

RTECS: RO0205000

EU number
239-000-2
Description

Mycotoxin capable of interfering microfilament formation.

InChl Key
MAARMMDZGR-IYKJBVLXSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1CCCC(C=CC(=O)OC23C(C=CC1)C(C(=C)C(C2C(NC3=O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)O)O
Isomeric SMILES
C[C@@H]1CCC[C@@H](/C=C/C(=O)O[C@]23[C@@H](/C=C/C1)[C@@H](C(=C)[C@H]([C@H]2[C@@H](NC3=O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)O)O
Solubility ( literature )

DMSO or Ethanol.

Compound Classification

Macrolide indol mycotoxin

Cytochalasin

Actin inhibitor

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Protect from moisture
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

Inhibits cell division by interfering with the formation of contractile microfilaments. Inhibits cell movement and induces nuclear extrusion. Interferes with actin polymerization. Inhibits glucose transport

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
TSE
Value
P
Title
Transport information
Value
PgII
Title
Deleted CAS numbers
Value
11032-95-4; 11042-65-2; 16006-03-4; 21476-12-0
Title
REACH status
Value
On REACH List of Pre-Registered Substances, March 2009 Registration Date: 31-MAY-2013. On EINECS Annex to June 1990
Signal to sort
C

Cytochalasin A

Cytochalasin A
Molecular Formula
C29H35NO5
M.W.
477.59
CAS number
14110-64-6
MSDS
Source
Drechslera dematoidea
Fermentek product Code
CYA-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
185°C-193°C
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml Dichloromethane
EU number
237-964-9
Description

Cytochalasin A is a fungal toxin which inhibits glucose transport, actine polymerization and blocks the formation of microtubuli. Inhibits cell division. Inhibits HIV-1 protease

InChl Key
ZMAODHOXRBLOQO-TZVKRXPSSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1CCCC(=O)C=CC(=O)OC23C(C=CC1)C(C(=C)C(C2C(NC3=O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)O
Isomeric SMILES
C[C@@H]1CCCC(=O)/C=C/C(=O)O[C@]23[C@@H](/C=C/C1)[C@@H](C(=C)[C@H]([C@H]2[C@@H](NC3=O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)O
Solubility ( literature )

DMSO, Acetone, Ethanol.

Compound Classification

Macrolide indol mycotoxinCytochalasinActin inhibitor

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

Cytochalasins are used as tools in cytological research, and in the field of actin polymerization

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since

Cyclopiazonic acid

Cyclopiazonic acid
Molecular Formula
C20H20N2O3
M.W.
336.38
CAS number
18172-33-3
Source
Penicillium griseofulvum
Fermentek product Code
CPA-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
Off white to faint yellow powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear bright yellow solution at 10mg/ml Dichloromethane; Clear bright yellow solution at 100mM DMSO
Names and identifiers

RTECS: UY8587000

EU number
634-041-6
Description

Cyclopiazonic acid (aka CPA) is a toxic compound of indole tetramic acid group. This mycotoxin is produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus fungi.  CPA inhibits SERCA (sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum calcium-dependent ATPase and thus interferes with the muscle contraction-relaxation cycle.

InChl Key
SZINUGQCTHLQAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC(=O)C1=C(C2C3C(CC4=C5C3=CNC5=CC=C4)C(N2C1=O)(C)C)O
Solubility ( literature )

DMSO, Methylene Chloride and Methanol.

Compound Classification

Bioactivity:

  • tremorgen mycotoxin
  • vasodilator
  • endoplasmic reticulum inhibitor
Storage, handling
-20°C.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

Cyclopiazonic acid is a reversible inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum Ca++ATPase

Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
TSE
Value
F
Title
sig
Value
239805
Title
Transport information
Value
PG II
Signal to sort
C