Borrelidin, a potent antifungal agent

Bafilomycin A1 is a specific inhibitor of vacuolar type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) in animal cells, plant cells and microorganisms. Bafilomycin A1 is useful in distinguishing among different types of ATPases. Bafilomycin A1 can prevent the re-acidification of synaptic vesicles once they have undergone exocytosis. Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antineoplastic, Immunosuppressive Bafilomycin A1 has been shown to decrease multi-drug resistance.

Bafilomycin A1, inhibits vacuolar-​ATPase.
It is a potassium ionophore that impairs mitochondrial functions.
It activates respiration of neuronal cells via uncoupling associated with flickering depolarization of mitochondria.
Bafilomycin A1 has been commonly used as a method of inhibition of infection by viruses known or suspected to follow the path of receptor-​mediated endocytosis and low-​pH-​mediated membrane fusion
Vacuolar ATPase inhibitors overcome Bcl-​xL-​mediated chemoresistance through restoration of a caspase-​independent apoptotic pathway.

Cyclic peptide antibiotic with broad spectrum antiparasitic and antiprotozoan activity. An histone deacetylase inhibitor, Anti-angiogenic; Apoptosis inductor.

Originally discovered by Sobin and Tanner in 1954, Anisomycin was identified as an antibiotic active against protozoa such as Trichomonas and fungi and yeasts, and was considered as a potential human anti-candidal and anti-amoebic drug. Sobin, B. A., and F. W. Tanner, Jr. 1954. Anisomycin, a new antiprotozoa antibiotic. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76:4053. As such, Anisomycin was put by GONZALEZ CONSTANDSE to clinical trials in 1955: Anisomycin in intestinal amebiasis; study of 30 clinical casesPrensa Med Mex. 1956 Sep-Dec;21(7-10):114-5 Anisomycin is also proposed as a potential psychiatric drug, as it is shown to affect protein synthesis an Amygdala, a brain part involved in memory(1). The earliest usage of Anisomycin in research on memory biochemistry was made by Jonec and Walsterlain in 1979 . Again, this property of Anisomycin is ascribed to its ability to inhibit protein synthesis. Effect of inhibitors of protein synthesis on the development of kindled seizures in rats.Jonec V, Walsterlain CG.Exp Neurol. 1979 Dec;66(3):524-32 Recently, publications appear showing the immunomodulating properties on Anisomycin. This discovery leads to researches on the potential use of Anisomycin in transplantation: Anisomycin inhibits the behaviors of T cells and the allogeneic skin transplantation in mice.Xing F et al,J Immunother. 2008 Nov-Dec;31(9):858-70 In the field of cell-signaling research, Anisomycin is used as an activator of kinase cascades in mammalian cells, especially the stress-activated Protein Kinase (SAPK2/p38MAPK) and p46/54JNK Anisomycin is a selective ingredientof Martin Lewis Agar, a bacteriological solid medium used for isolation of pathogenic Neisseria species. Martin, J. E., Jr., and J. S. Lewis. 1977. Anisomycin: improved antimycotic activity in modified Thayer-Martin medium. Public Health Lab. 35:53-62