Mycotoxins are defined as naturally occurring substances produced by filamentous fungi (moulds) that arouse toxic response when introduced in low amounts to animals through a natural pathway. These fungi are referred to as “toxigenic” fungi. They grow naturally as a form of contaminants on some food crops, majorly cereals, nuts and fruit. Conventionally, toxigenic fungi which contaminate crops have been classified into two groups: “field” and “storage” fungi. Field fungi (such as Cladosporium, Fusarium and Alternaria spp.) get to plants during the developmental stage of the plant; while storage fungi (e.g., Aspergillus and Penicillium spp.) proliferate during the storage period.

Mycotoxins, which are low weight secondary metabolites, produce harmful substances called Mycotoxicoses in animals which invariably impact public health. The toxicity effects of Mycotoxins could be acute or chronic, or both. The most toxic of these, is Aflatoxins. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 are a critical concern. A low-level exposure to Aflatoxin for a long term has been associated with different liver diseases such as cancer, jaundice, cirrhosis and hepatis. Also, they are genotoxic (DNA-damaging) carcinogenic and immunosuppressants. Ochratoxin A is another type of mycotoxin that is teratogenic (reproductive), immunosuppressant, and had been proved to have connection with kidney diseases. Other toxigenic fungi are associated with protein synthesis inhibition, genotoxic, and immune dysfunction.

Fermentek is a global leader in the production of high-standard reference material for Mycotoxins for food safety analysis and research. The company offers more than 60 types of Mycotoxins manufactured from various different microorganisms, divided into nine known Mycotoxin families. These products are formulated into a powdered form or standard solutions with high purity characterized by their melting points, TLC & HPLC. 

mycotoxins

Standard Solution Patulin

Standard Solution Patulin
MSDS
Fermentek product Code
STD-026
Brand/grade
Analytical standard
Description

Patulin 100ppm in Acetonitrile "HPLC-Supra-Gradient" grade. Ready for Injection into HPLC system; Available in 1 ml or 5 ml vials.

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Disclaimer
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Warnings
Ingredient Reference
Patulin
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
100 µg/ml in Acetonitrile
Ingredient Other
Acetonitrile, HPLC-Supra-Gradient (CAS #75-05-8)
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
to 100%
Amber-glass vial.
Available since
Fermentek Product Category
Food Safety
Mycotoxins
Food Safety Related
Standard Solutions
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Standard Solution HT2 Toxin

Standard Solution HT2 Toxin
MSDS
Fermentek product Code
STD-019
Brand/grade
Analytical standard
Description

HT2 toxin, 100 ppm solution in Acetonitrile, grade: "HPLC Supra Gradient "(CAS #75-05-8) Ready for Injection into HPLC system; Available in 1 ml or 5 ml vials.

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Applications

This product is used as a reference standard in quantitative analysis of food stuffs.

Disclaimer
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Warnings
Ingredient Reference
HT2 toxin
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
100 µg/ml in Acetonitrile
Ingredient Other
Acetonitrile, HPLC grade Acetonitrile (CAS #75-05-8)
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
to 100%
Amber-glass vial.
Fermentek Product Category
Food Safety
Mycotoxins
Food Safety Related
Regulated Mycotoxins
Standard Solutions
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S

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Standard Solution Fusarenon X

Standard Solution Fusarenon X
MSDS
Fermentek product Code
STD-018
Brand/grade
Analytical standard
Description

Fusarenon X 100 ppm standard solution in Acetonitrile, HPLC-Supra Gradient grade. Ready for injection into HPLC system. Available in 1 or 5 cc amber-glass vials

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Disclaimer
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Warnings
Ingredient Reference
Fusarenon X
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
100 µg/ml in Acetonitrile
Ingredient Other
Acetonitrile, "HPLC Supra Gradient grade" (CAS #75-05-8)
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
to 100%
Amber-glass vial.
Available since
Fermentek Product Category
Mycotoxins
Standard Solutions
Signal to sort
S

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$1.00

Standard Solution 15-Acetyl-DON

Standard Solution 15-Acetyl-DON
MSDS
Fermentek product Code
STD-002
Brand/grade
Analytical standard
Description

15-Acetyl-DON, 100 µg/ml solution in Acetonitrile, grade: "HPLC Supra Gradient "(CAS #75-05-8)" Ready for Injection into HPLC system.

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Disclaimer
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Warnings
Ingredient Reference
15-acetyl Deoxynivalenol
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
100 µg/ml in Acetonitrile
Ingredient Other
Acetonitrile, "HPLC Supra-Gradient" grade, CAS#75-05-8
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
to 100%
Shipped at ambient temperature
Shipped in amber-glass vials
Fermentek Product Category
Mycotoxins
Standard Solutions
Signal to sort
S

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$1.00

Standard Solution 3-Acetyl-DON

Standard Solution 3-Acetyl-DON
MSDS
Fermentek product Code
STD-001
Brand/grade
Analytical standard
Description

3-Acetyl-DON, 100 µg/ml solution in Acetonitrile, grade: "HPLC Supra Gradient "(CAS #75-05-8)" Ready for Injection into HPLC system.

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Disclaimer
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Warnings
Ingredient Reference
3-acetyl Deoxynivalenol
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
100 µg/ml in Acetonitrile
Ingredient Other
Acetonitrile, "HPLC Supra gradient" grade Acetonitrile (CAS #75-05-8)
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
to 100%
Amber-glass vial.
Fermentek Product Category
Mycotoxins
Standard Solutions
Signal to sort
S

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Price
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Zearalenone

Zearalenone
Molecular Formula
C18H22O5
M.W.
318.36
CAS number
17924-92-4
MSDS
Source
Giberella zeae
Fermentek product Code
ZRE-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to Off-White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
159°C-166°C
Solubility test
Clear colourless solution at 5mg/ml of Methanol
Names and identifiers

IUPAC : (3S,11E)-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-3,4,5,6,9,10-hexahydro-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecine-1,7(8H)-dione

RTECS: DM2550000

EU number
241-864-0
Description

Zearalenone is a natural estrogen, a mycotoxin from resorcylic acid lactone group. 

Zearalenone is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by    several  Fusarium spp. It has been implicated in numerous    mycotoxicoses in farm animals, especially in pigs. Zearalenone is    heat-stable and is found worldwide in a number of cereal crops, such    as maize, barley, oats, wheat, rice, and sorghum (Kuiper-Goodman et    al., 1987; Tanaka et al., 1988a) and also in bread (Aziz et al.,    1997). Zearalenone was shown to be produced on corn by  Fusarium    isolates from Australia, Europe, and North America (Vesonder et al.,    1991) and in New Zealand (diMenna et al., 1997), the Philippines,    Thailand, and Indonesia (Yamashita et al., 1995). The occurrence of    zearalenone in food and feed was also demonstrated in South America    (Dalcero et al., 1997; Molto et al., 1997), Africa (Doko et al.,    1996), China and the former USSR (Ueno et al., 1986).  Fusarium    isolates from bananas can also produce zearalenone

InChl Key
MBMQEIFVQACCCH-QBODLPLBSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1CCCC(=O)CCCC=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2C(=O)O1)O)O
Isomeric SMILES
C[C@H]1CCCC(=O)CCC/C=C/C2=CC(=CC(=C2C(=O)O1)O)O
Solubility ( literature )

Zearalenone is slightly soluble in hexane and progressively more in benzene, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, methanol, acetone. In water: 20 mg/L .

Compound Classification
  • Mycotoxin
  • A resorcylic acid lactone
  •  
  •  
  • Sexual reproduction in Fusarium is regulated by the fungal sex hormone zearalenone, which is known to be synthesized only by species of Gibberella zeae (Fusarium roseum)

 

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

The resorcylic acid lactones have estrogenic activity. Zearalenone and its derivates were used as veterinary anabolic or estrogen substitutes.

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Not for veterinary use!
Warnings

Warning or harmful

  • Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), category 4
  • Skin irritation, categories 2, 3
  • Eye irritation, category 2A
  • Skin sensitization, category 1
  • Specific target organ toxicity following single exposure, category 3
    • Respiratory tract irritation
    • Narcotic effects

Corrosive

  • Skin corrosion, categories 1A, 1B, 1C
  • Serious eye damage, category 1
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Transport information
Value
Not hazardous for transport
Fermentek Product Category
Mycotoxins
Other mycotoxins
Signal to sort
Z

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Price
$1.00
Zearalenone.gif
Zearalenone.gif

Verruculogen

Verruculogen
Molecular Formula
C27H33N3O7
M.W.
511.57
CAS number
12771-72-1
Source
Penicillium simplicissimum
Fermentek product Code
VRR-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥97% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
227°C -233°C
Names and identifiers

IUPAC NAME:

(5S,10S,10aR,14aS,15bS)-10,10a-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-5-(2-methyl-1-propen-1-yl)-1,10,10a,14,14a,15b-hexahydro-12H-3,4-dioxa-5a,11a,15a-triazacycloocta[1,2,3-lm]indeno[5,6-b]fluorene-11,15(2 H,13H)-dione

 

EU number
634-189-1
Description

Verruculogen is a tremorgenic mycotoxin, affecting CNS functions, arresting mammary carcinoma cells in vitro, affecting potassium channels. Verruculogen decreases GABA levels in CNS. Tremorgenic doses of verruculogen increase the number and decrease the affinity of DHP receptors in rat cortex. Verruculogen is a potent inhibitor of high conductance Ca activated K (maxi-K) channel.

InChl Key
LRXYHMMJJCTUMY-KZXQSYCZSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC(=CC1N2C3=C(C=CC(=C3)OC)C4=C2C(CC(OO1)(C)C)N5C(=O)C6CCCN6C(=O)C5(C4O)O)C
Isomeric SMILES
CC(=C[C@H]1N2C3=C(C=CC(=C3)OC)C4=C2[C@H](CC(OO1)(C)C)N5C(=O)[C@@H]6CCCN6C(=O)[C@@]5([C@H]4O)O)C
Solubility ( literature )

Soluble in benzene, ethyl acetate, and acetone; slightly soluble in ethanol; very soluble in CHCI;

Compound Classification

Tremorgenic neurotoxin affecting central neural system.

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Protect from moisture! Hygroscopic substance.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

Verruculogen decreases GABA levels in CNS. Tremorgenic doses of verruculogen increase the number and decrease the affinity of DHP receptors in rat cortex.Verruculogen is a potent inhibitor of high conductance Ca activated K (maxi-K) channel.

Disclaimer
For Research use only.
Warnings

Warning or harmful

  • Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), category 4
  • Skin irritation, categories 2, 3
  • Eye irritation, category 2A
  • Skin sensitization, category 1
  • Specific target organ toxicity following single exposure, category 3
    • Respiratory tract irritation
    • Narcotic effects
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Transport information
Value
Not hazardous for transport
Fermentek Product Category
Mycotoxins
Tremorgens
Signal to sort
V

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Price
$1.00
Verruculogen.gif
Verruculogen.gif

Tenuazonic acid (Cu salt)

Tenuazonic acid – Copper salt
Molecular Formula
C20H28CuN2O6
M.W.
455.99
CAS number
12427-40-6
Source
Alternaria sp.
Fermentek product Code
TNZ-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
Light blue-greenish powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear blue-green solution at 10mg/ml Dichloromethane
Names and identifiers

Synonyms:

  • 3-Pyrrolin-2-one, 3-acetyl-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxy-, L-

RTECS: UY7425000
 

 

Description

Tenuazonic acid is a natural mycotoxin, inhibitor of protein synthesis. Tenuazonic acid is offered as its Cuprum salt. 

 

InChl Key
LLXUERDQXVXQAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CCC(C)C1C(=C(C(=O)N1)C(=O)C)O.CCC(C)C1C(=C(C(=O)N1)C(=O)C)O.[Cu]
Solubility ( literature )

Soluble in DMSO, pure ethanol, methanol

Compound Classification
  • Pyrrolidinone mycotoxin
  • Tenuazonic Acid Copper Salt is an antineoplastic agent and mycotoxin. It Inhibits protein synthesis, though which it has been shown inhibiting TPA-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity. Lack of ornithine decarboxylase has been shown to eventually cause DNA damage induced apoptosis. It has also been shown to inhibit photosystem II.
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

This is a potential antineoplastic agent

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Semi-Synthetic
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Transport information
Value
Pg III
Fermentek Product Category
Mycotoxins
Alternaria toxins
Cytotoxic agents
Research field: Cancer
Apoptosis related
Anti Bacterial
Anti Viral
Anti Tumor agents
Signal to sort
T

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Price
$1.00
Tenuazonic_acid__Cu_salt_.gif
Tenuazonic_acid__Cu_salt_.gif

Tentoxin

Tentoxin
Molecular Formula
C22H30N4O4
M.W.
414.50
CAS number
28540-82-1
Source
Alternaria alternata
Fermentek product Code
TEN-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to Off-White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
171°C-180°C
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml DMSO or Methanol
Names and identifiers

UPAC Name: (3S,6S,12Z)-12-benzylidene-1,6,7-trimethyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone

Description

Cyclic peptide from fungus Alternaria

InChl Key
SIIRBDOFKDACOK-LFXZBHHUSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1C(=O)NC(C(=O)N(C(=CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)NCC(=O)N1C)C)CC(C)C
Isomeric SMILES
C[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N(/C(=C\C2=CC=CC=C2)/C(=O)NCC(=O)N1C)C)CC(C)C
Solubility ( literature )

Tentoxin is soluble in Ethanol (10 mg/ml), with heat as needed;

soluble in Water, Dichloromethane, DMSO

Compound Classification

Cyclic peptide chloroplast ATP synthase  inhibitor

Storage, handling
Refrigerate upon arrival, at +2°C to +8°C
Protect from moisture
Open carefully.
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

Tentoxin was used to eliminate polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity from seedlings of higher plants.

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Transport information
Value
Not hazardous for transport
Fermentek Product Category
Mycotoxins
Alternaria toxins
Antibiotics
Cytotoxic agents
Signal to sort
T

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Price
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Tentoxin.gif
Tentoxin.gif

T2 toxin Triol

T2 toxin Triol
Molecular Formula
C19H30O7
M.W.
382.45
CAS number
34114-98-2
MSDS
Source
Semisynthetic
Fermentek product Code
TRI-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥96% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10 mg/ml Dichloromethane
Names and identifiers

Synonyms:

  • Scirpentriol
  • T-2 triol

IUPAC Name:

  • 3,4,15-Trihydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-8-yl 3-methylbutanoate 

RTECS:  YD0105000

 

Description

T2-triol is a type-A trichothecene mycotoxin that occurs in nature

InChl Key
DDAUKBBLCGQHIP-VFVREVADSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC2C(CC1OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C3(C(C(C(C34CO4)O2)O)O)C)CO
Isomeric SMILES
CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@](C[C@@H]1OC(=O)CC(C)C)([C@]3([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](C34CO4)O2)O)O)C)CO
Solubility ( literature )

Dichloromethane, DMSO, Methanol. Slightly soluble in water

Compound Classification

Chemical class: trichothecene type A mycotoxin

Storage, handling
-20°C. Protect from light.Comment: trichocethenes are thermostable compounds and are not destroyed in boiling.
Retest time
3 Years
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Transport information
Value
PG I
Title
changes in website content
Value
23-jan-2020 CAS was 97373-21-2; now 34114-98-2
Fermentek Product Category
Mycotoxins
Trichocothecenes
Signal to sort
T

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Price
$1.00
T2_Toxin_Triol.gif
T2_Toxin_Triol.gif
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